Themes Of Betrayal In James Jo Essay -- essays research papers fc

Origins of the Theme of Betrayal in James Joyce's Dubliners Throughout his early years, certain people and events heightened Joyce's awareness of the hopelessly corrupt environment of Ireland that had betrayed so many of its own. The more profound of these enlightening inspirations were the betrayal and downfall of Charles Stewart Parnell, the indifference of Henrik Ibsen towards literary protests, the neglected native artistry of James Clarence Mangan, and Joyce's own role as Prefect. These occurrences provoked Joyce's bitter resentment towards Ireland, initiating the gradual alienation towards his church and homeland. The issue of betrayal is prevalent throughout Dubliners, for Joyce imagined it, hated it, and feared it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Joyce was born into a country dominated by England, and the cause of Irish freedom captured his imagination at an early age. The spokesman for this cause was Charles Stewart Parnell, who became a heroic figure to Joyce. It was the early period of Joyce's life that saw Parnell greatest influence and tragic betrayal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By 1889 the attempt to implicate Parnell in the Phoenix Park murders of 1882 had failed, but in the same year he was accused of adultery in the divorce suit of captain O' Shea. At first it appeared that Parnell might weather this scandal, but a coalition of political enemies and devout Catholics ousted him from leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party, and the rural population of Ireland turned against their leader with savage hatred. Even Parnell's Lieutenant Tim Healy, who had vowed never to betray his leader, finally turned against Parnell. After a year of campaigning against his enemies, Parnell died on October 6th, 1891—this day marks the beginning of James Joyce's resentful feelings towards Ireland, which were eventually revealed in Dubliners.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Parnell's body was brought to Dublin for burial, thousands were waiting for a glimpse of the coffin. Among the spectators was St. John Irvine, who mournfully recalled: It was taken from a deal case—'which was thrown aside, but, as it fell, crowds seized it and tore it into fragments that they might have even that as a relic of him'—and carried to City Hall. It lay there under O'Connell's statue through a wet and stormy morning and noon, while t... ...s Clarence Mangan evoked in Joyce the fear of restriction and limitation, leading to his departure from Ireland. From Henrik Ibsen, Joyce learned to ignore protest and controversy, heightening his bitter resentment towards Ireland after nine years of frustration in finding a publisher for Dubliners. And it was Joyce's failed role as Prefect of the Sodality that led to his abandonment of Irish Catholicism. His early life proved to Joyce that Ireland was corrupt, both morally and spiritually. Therefore, Joyce's alienation from, and resentment toward, Ireland were inevitable, as was the theme of betrayal in Dubliners. Works Cited 1) Goldberg, S.L. James Joyce. New York: Grove Press, 1962. 2) Kershner. R.B. Joyce, Bakhtin, and Popular Literature: Chronicles of Disorder. North Carolina: North Carolina U.P., 1989 3) Mangalaner, Marvin, and Richard Kain. Joyce: The Man, the Work, the Reputation. New York: New York U.P., 1956. 4) Sullivan, Kevin. Joyce among the Jesuits. New York: Columbia U.P., 1958. 5) Ellman, Richard. The Conscience of Joyce. Toronto and New York: Oxford U.P., 1977. 6) Garrett, Peter K. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Dubliners. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1968.

Outline and Evaluate research into the effects of deprivation Essay

Deprivation refers the disruption of attachment that has already been made. Bowlby has conducted a case study of little John whose mother was admitted to the hospital and he showed effect of short term deprivation. He found that he had gone through 3 stages which he called the PDD sequence (Protest, Despair and Detachment). At first when he was separated from his mother, he showed signs of protest and he was crying, shouting and shows signs of desperate attempts to get his mother to return. But after a period of time, he appeared to be calmer but showed signs of depression, these include refusing to eat and play. At last, he rejected his mother at reunion although he looked okay on the surface. Criticism for the study is that it is a case study of an individual, so it cannot be generalized to the public. Bowlbly has also conducted a study on 44 juvenile thieves. He interviewed 44 male teenage criminal who displayed affectionless psychopathy to check if they have experienced early separation in the first 2 years of age. He has found that 12 out of 14 affectionless psychopaths had experienced prolonged separation from mothers in the first 2 years. And 5 out of 30 who were not affectionless psychopaths had experienced deprivation. So he had jumped to the conclusion that deprivation before the age of two will lead to affection psycopathy and this supports his idea of critical period. However, his assumption is too big as he was trying to draw a cause and effect. He had not manipulated the variables and this is only a correlation study. Also, he has not taken into the account of what had happened during the period between 2 years old and teenage years. The boys may have other experiences e.g. joined a gang and that had lead them into being affectionless psychopaths. Also, the sample size is small and he has only used male participants in his study, so the sample is not representative and this study cannot be generalized. Bowlby wanted to use this study to proof his theory and he used an interview approach in this study. He might have asked leading question and lead the participants into answering the answers that he wanted. So this study may not be truthful. And this research is retrospective, which he had the participants to talk about their past, and memory could be distorted and may not give accurate answer. Moreover, there may be potential self-serving bias in the teenage boys as they may want to make excuses for their behaviour, so they may blame the situation and make themselves to appear in good light. Furthermore, Bowlby has suggested a maternal deprivation hypothesis. He proposed that a child needs continuous presence of a primary care giver in the first 1.5 to 2 years of age. Or else they will suffer from long term effects of deprivation, these include mental retardation, depression, affectionless psychopathy, etc. However, Rutters study on privated Romanian orphans has suggested effects of privation can be overcome as it was shown that there wasn’t long term damaging effects in the orphans after they have been adopted to a loving home.

The Prosecution of Victor Frankenstein - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 726 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? Your honor, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, opposing counsel, my name is Brandon Vu and I am the prosecuting attorney on this case against Victor Frankenstein and his crimes against humanity. Dr. Frankenstein is charged with the following crimes: Multiple charges of grave robbery, possession, and supply of human body parts, malpractice, potential child abandonment and negligence, and the murders of several individuals. Let it be known that Dr. Frankenstein is a threat to not only our society but humanity itself. To begin, we will address the issue of negligence and potential child abandonment. Put aside for one moment of the legal responsibility that falls upon the creature for the murders it committed. Instead, think of the creature as an equivalent to an animal which then makes Dr. Frankenstein its owner and therefore is responsible for his actions under the theory of negligence. He left the creature, which at first he zealously devoted himself to, alone and to fend for itself. Similar to how long for love from our parents, the creature was simply longing for love from its creator. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Prosecution of Victor Frankenstein" essay for you Create order It was essentially a newborn child, a blank slate. It had no grasp of society or its morals but only cared for his creator. I believe that given enough attention, he would have grown to be a compassionate as the next person. The second accord of crimes involves the disturbance of corpses, possession of human body parts/tissue, and malpractice as a doctor of Switzerland. Evidence beyond a reasonable doubt shows that Dr. Frankenstein went into graves of the deceased and stole body parts to use as material for his experiments. How could someone be so apathetic as to go and dig up the grave of a persons deceased loved one and steal their body parts? This alone calls for 20 years of imprisonment and a fine up to $15,000 in the country of Switzerland. As a doctor, he has gone against his legal obligation to his nation by using the parts of deceased people in the creation of his creature and therefore is guilty of malpractice. Moving onto our final cause for incarceration, we accuse Victor Frankenstein of the deaths of William Frankenstein; a minor and brother to the defendant, Justine Moritz; an employee of the Frankenstein Household, Henry Clerval; a friend and acquaintance, and Elizabeth Lavenza- Frankenstein; the defendants spouse. Although these acts were committed by the creature, Dr. Frankenstein should take legal responsibility as the owner. If that is not enough to credit these horrific acts, let him be charged with vicarious liability which is the intentional or negligent killing of another human. Upon realizing the monstrosity that he brought into the world, he failed to contain it and failed to educate it on human ethics. While he did not physically murder these individuals, he did intentionally create the creature that did the terrible acts. Earlier when I called Dr. Frankenstein to the stand, I asked him if he had realized this and his response was, Yes I understand that I had turned loose into the world a depraved wretch whose delight was in carnage and misery. I acknowledge that he shows remorse for what he has done but it doesnt change the fact that Dr. Frankenstein released a threat upon us, a threat to society, and is liable to do it once more. Now ladies and gentlemen of the jury, I ask that you envision a world in which each time you wave goodbye to your loved one it could be your last. A world in which you need to constantly look over your shoulder to ensure there is not a savage beast hiding in the shadows. I ask you to imagine that the beast murdered one of your relatives. How might that make you feel? Is that even a life worth living for? I believe that I speak on behalf of the community when I say that I do not my children growing up with that horror on their conscious. This is the world that Dr. Victor Frankenstein has created. As valuable members this community and for the safety of our loved ones and the future of our children, I plead that we come together and put this man behind bars. He didnt seem to care when he locked his heart away from his creation so why should we do the same?