Identity, Culture, and Organisation

Introduction Organisations have recently encountered forces from some sources that encompass rivals, shareholders, and clients, which have caused them to adopt a â€Å"lean on mean† policy. For workers, this move has caused rationalisation and cutting back every expression demonstrating real or potential unemployment. Irrespective of the expression selected, this tendency has made many employees to reconsider concerns of dedication, faithfulness, and the identity of workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Identity, Culture, and Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The usual mental treaty was typically relational with shared confidence supposedly at the core of the union between workers and employers (Gioia et al. 2010). In line with this comprehension, workers at National Health Service in the United Kingdom showed faithfulness and dedication whereas employers provided job security, future of the profession, as well as training and development. The sense of the new psychological treaty argument affirms that there exists a decrease in the dedication and fading away of identity with bosses. The notion of reduced identity has also been studied in academic literature, which discloses that identity in organisations is associated with motivation, confidence, dedication, and nationality (Zachary et al. 2011). Due to identity in organisations, there could be a great improvement in performance. In academic research, there are two different points of views, viz. the view of multiple identities and that of trade off. This paper discusses these two competing perspectives in the context of National Health Service and explores the function of identity dynamics at occupations, stating their significance, and elucidating them theoretically. Organisational identity At the level of an individual worker in the National Health Service, the termination of organisational mooring lines denotes th e lack of logic, belonging, and management, and thus the optional focal points for identity have turned out to be higher-flying. There are implications that workers presently focus on the externalities of organisations with adherences to the line of work or the internalities of organisations in the form of occupation or project teams. Therefore, apparently the concern of identity has recently turned out to be more intricate with dissimilar concentrations on identity (Clark et al. 2010). Research vividly offers varying concentrations on identity and loyalty with the occupation or career. Additionally, numerous academic advancements exist in the National Health Service though there is a lack of empirical activities specifically concerning the subject of nested identities. Two different points of view can be obtained from abiding academic research (Ravasi Phillips 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More One of the viewpoints presents multiple identities and affirms that varying concentrations of identity do not require being in a contest, but are in agreement with one another. People might identify with their direct co-workers, identify with the standards of their bosses, and as well feel dedicated towards their occupation (Ashforth, Rogers Corley 2011). A good example that can demonstrate this assertion is the case of a physician who may closely identify with co-workers in the healthcare sector, identify with the standards and goals of the National Health Service (NHS), and have loyalty and links with the health profession. A different viewpoint proposes that trade offs associations exist amid various centres of identity (Grimes 2010). In this regard, when a person identifies with his or her medical co-workers it is at the cost of the career and organisation. In an attempt to revisit the medical correlation, if a physician identifies with his or her med ical professional co-workers, it complies with the fact that the state of identity with the NHS and medical career reduces. Role of identity dynamics at work Delineating and considering identity in National Health Service Identity in the National Health Service has become a significant theoretical lens to discuss the association involving a worker and boss and in addition, it has been identified as a cognitive association between the description of the organisation and the description of self. Essentially, powerful identities in organisations come up when people integrate the discernment of the standards of the employer into their own point of view (Schreyà ¶gg Sydow 2010). Therefore, personal and organisational standards are well suited. A progression like that comes up from two approaches. One of the approaches is the similarities with a boss where people choose to join organisations whose standards equal their own established convictions (Edwards Edwards 2012). The second appr oach is emulation where the individual convictions of a person vary in the course of employment to turn out to be strongly matched with those of their boss. The theoretical foundation of the work in the sector focuses on the theories of social identity and self-categorisation. Organisational identity assesses the progression of the way workers describe themselves via their association with the boss (Dutton, Roberts Bednar 2010). The practice of identification in the National Health Service fundamentally hails from social evaluations between employees and their characteristic groups. Therefore, identity is outlined by the awareness of employees that they belong to particular social groups in conjunction with a number of psychological and value importance to them of their group devotion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Identity, Culture, and Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Concisely, people describe themselves by getting into social sets that carry significance to them; for instance, physicians could describe themselves as partaking in a health profession whose objective is to assist in taking care of individuals in the society (DeRue Ashford 2010). Additionally, physicians will participate in the health career, which is an impressive profession, and thus in this manner boost their confidence and self-identity. In a bid to elucidate the identity of a person, a second practice of social evaluations arises between groups. Individuals in a similar social group are viewed to be compatible (Balmer 2008). In this regard, dissimilarities with other individuals are augmented, thus resulting into the uniqueness and attractiveness of the groups of compatible individuals. The insinuation of the practice of social identity is that people describe themselves via group membership and assign to features of the group, and thus the more powerful the identity, the more the mind-sets and conduc t of a person are controlled by the standards of the group. Organisational identity is a precise demonstration of social individuality (Arendt Brettel 2010). Organisational identity has normally been associated with three interrelated aspects namely: Constructive organisational fit Emotional dedication Internalisation The difference between organisational identity and the outlined aspects is that organisational identity is self-definitional (Scott 2007). Therefore, employees possess organisational standards and convictions instead of merely embracing them. Research on identity Currently, the idea of organisational identity has focussed on two major themes. One of the themes is the roots of identity and the other is the connotations of organisational identity (Weber Dacin 2011). Research has revealed that particular aspects boost organisational identity in the National Health Service with the likelihood that the identity of employees with their boss is higher if: Members of a gr oup are compatible with them Organisational standards are similar to personal standards Term increases The personal characteristics imply a higher inclination to identify with the organisation (Tlili 2008) There is little or no conflict involving group identities As aforementioned, many studies have examined the results of organisational identity. Research on organisational identity has also revealed that organisational recognition constructively relates to job satisfaction and motivation and it negatively relates to turnover objectives as well as real turnover (McLeish Oxoby 2011). Theoretical explanations The Rising Organisational Identity Programme As emphasised earlier, some variations to the employment affiliation have cropped up and brought about restored identification with career and workgroups (Powell 2007). A significant topic that has not been adequately studied is the character of the affiliation between career, group identity, and identity of the organisation (Rooney et al. 2010). Future research should aim at demonstrating whether identities are corresponding and matching or whether strong recognition with the career could occur at the cost of other kinds of identity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The argument of multiple identities In self-identity studies, it has been suggested that a person will be a member of numerous social groups with all of them partaking in the general sense of identity. Nevertheless, â€Å"these identities will not bear identical meaning or value and could be organised subconsciously in a nested structure; therefore, employees may embrace multiple identities† (Ahlgren Tett 2010, p.25). In the case of a National Health Service, multiple identities could arise from affiliations with the organisation, co-workers, career, or departments. In an excellent situation, standards and convictions of these unique societies will be corresponding and mutually buttressing (Edwards Peccei 2010). Therefore, an employee will identify with various kinds of identities like those with the group, career, and organisation. The argument of trade off The connection involving career and organisational identity Due to the lack of a strong relationship within Nationa l Health Service, workers have deliberately taken up optional basis of identity. The standard organisational term has decreased, but workers stay in the same occupation for elongated terms and thus identify with lasting social group, viz. their career (Christian 2011). In brief, a higher trade off involving career and organisational identity exists. With regard to the downsizing incident, career identity has become more powerful while organisational identity has become weakened. The inconsistencies of recognition for industrial scientists have been studied with professional principles being in disagreement with the ones embraced by their bosses (King, Felin Whetten 2010). This conflict of identities is anchored in the idea that employees are administered by two sources. One of these sources is the managerial standards and cultural principles of the organisation. The second source is the principles of occupational societies, as well as â€Å"collegial management†. This fixati on to a professional society is based on the perception that since â€Å"trained consultants are believed to have interiorised the principles of the career, professions support right to govern their own activity† (Alvesson 2012). Due to hiring trained workers in the National Health Service, workers anticipate a particular degree of independence and the organisation supposes that they will carry on with the occupation at hand. Therefore, the conflict turns out to be a query of reliability between the influences of position in an organisation against the influence of technology, knowledge, and ability. The aforementioned inconsistency presupposes that there will be a clash between organisational and occupational identity (Akerlof Kranton 2005). Nevertheless, the philosophers of organisational identity propose that the affiliation between career and organisational identity in the National Health Service has brought about unconstructive and constructive affiliations. The affili ation involving group and organisational identity Contending literatures disprove enhanced identification with career, but aim at renewed concentration on groupings in organisations. Few practical researches have evaluated these groups, and one of them is the practical research by Haslam in 2004. Haslam (2004) reveals that workers identify more powerfully with their groups as compared to identification with their bosses and in fact, the group is a more powerful forecaster of constructive employee approaches. Haslam’s affirmation hinges on the allegation that identity is more enhanced in smaller groups for they are more probable of structuring distinct societies with common principles due to maintained interaction (Smith 2011). Conclusion Organisational identity has turned out to be a significant topic in organisations, and specifically National Health Service, in the modern age due to the creation of unions and acquirements and the supremacy of organisations where it is prog ressively hard to understand organisational confines. The view of reduced identity has also been studied and unveils that identity in organisations is connected with motivation, confidence, dedication, and nationality. Due to identity in organisations, there could be a great advancement in the performance of National Health Service. In academic studies, two different points of view exist and they consist of the view of multiple identities and the view of trade off. This paper demonstrates that with the increase in organisational identity, there is a corresponding increase in the group and career identities. Similarly, when organisational identity is poor, group as well as career identity will as well be poor (Edwards 2009). Therefore, at the extremes seems to be enhanced occupation-associated identity or poor occupational associated identity. This outcome reveals the authority of characteristics mainly supported by the strong constructive association between the requirement for iden tity and command of organisational identity. Reference List Ahlgren, L Tett, L 2010, ‘Work-based learning, identity and organisational culture’, Studies in Continuing Education, vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 17-27. Akerlof, G Kranton, R 2005, ‘Identity and the Economics of Organisations’, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 19 no. 1, pp. 9-32. Alvesson, M 2012, Understanding organisational culture, Sage, London. Arendt, S Brettel, M 2010, ‘Understanding the influence of corporate social responsibility on corporate identity, image, and firm performance’, Management Decision, vol. 48 no. 10, pp. 1469-1492. Ashforth, B, Rogers, K Corley, K 2011, ‘Identity in organisations: exploring cross-level dynamics’, Organisation science, vol. 22 no. 5, pp. 1144-1156. Balmer, J 2008, ‘Identity based views of the corporation Insights from corporate identity, organisational identity, social identity, visual identity, corporate brand identity and corporate image’, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 42 no. 10, pp. 879-906. Christian, L 2011, ‘Discerning the unique in the universal: the notion of organisation identity’, European Business Review, vol. 23 no. 6, pp. 632-654, Clark, S, Gioia, D, Ketchen, D Thomas, J 2010, ‘Transitional identity as a facilitator of organisational identity change during a merger’, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 55 no. 3, pp. 397-438. DeRue, D Ashford, S 2010, ‘Who will lead and who will follow? A social process of leadership identity construction in organisations’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 35 no. 4, pp. 627-647. Dutton, J, Roberts, L Bednar, J 2010, ‘Pathways for positive identity construction at work: Four types of positive identity and the building of social resources’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 35 no. 2, pp. 265-293. Edwards, M 2009, ‘HR, perceived organisational support and organisational identif ication: an analysis after organisational formation’, Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 19 no. 1, pp. 91-115. Edwards, M Edwards, T 2012, ‘Procedural justice and identification with the acquirer: the moderating effects of job continuity, organisational identity strength and organisational similarity’, Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 22 no. 2, pp. 109-128. Edwards, M Peccei, R 2010, ‘Perceived organisational support, organisational identification, and employee outcomes’, Journal of Personnel Psychology, vol. 9 no. 1, pp. 17-26. Gioia, D, Price, K, Hamilton, A Thomas, J 2010, ‘Forging an identity: An insider-outsider study of processes involved in the formation of organisational identity’, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 55 no. 1, pp. 1-46. Grimes, M 2010, ‘Strategic sensemaking within funding relationships: The effects of performance measurement on organisational identity in the social sector’, Entrepr eneurship Theory and Practice, vol. 34 no. 4, pp. 763-783. Haslam, S 2004, Psychology in organisations, SAGE Publications Limited, London. King, B, Felin, T Whetten, D 2010, ‘Perspective—Finding the organisation in organisational theory: A meta-theory of the organisation as a social actor’, Organisation Science, vol. 21 no. 1, pp. 290-305. McLeish, K Oxoby, R 2011, ‘Social interactions and the salience of social identity’, Journal of Economic Psychology, vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 172-178. Powell, S 2007, ‘Organisational marketing, identity and the creative brand’, Journal of Brand Management, vol. 15 no. 1, pp. 41-56. Ravasi, D Phillips, N 2011, ‘Strategies of alignment Organisational identity management and strategic change’, Strategic Organisation, vol. 9 no. 2, pp. 103-135. Rooney, D, Paulsen, N, Callan, V, Brabant, M, Gallois, C Jones, E 2010, ‘A new role for place identity in managing organisational change’, M anagement Communication Quarterly, vol. 24 no. 1, pp. 44-73. Schreyà ¶gg, G Sydow, J 2010, ‘CROSSROADS—Organising for Fluidity? Dilemmas of New Organisational Forms’, Organisation Science, vol. 21 no. 6, pp. 1251-1262. Scott, C 2007, ‘Communication and social identity theory: Existing and potential connections in organisational identification research’, Communication Studies, vol. 58 no. 2, pp. 123-138. Smith, E 2011, ‘Identities as lenses: How organisational identity affects audiences’ evaluation of organisational performance’, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 56 no. 1, pp. 61-94. Tlili, A 2008, ‘The organisational identity of science centres’, Culture Organisation, vol. 14 no. 4, pp. 309-323. Weber, K Dacin, M 2011, ‘The cultural construction of organisational life: Introduction to the special issue’, Organisation Science, vol. 22 no. 2, p. 287. Zachary, M, McKenny, A, Short, J, Davis, K Wu, D 2011, ‘Franchise branding: an organisational identity perspective’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 629-645. This essay on Identity, Culture, and Organisation was written and submitted by user Am1ra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

WTO essays

WTO essays In what might become a key issue in the November election is Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO). In case you havent noticed the WTO has been a key issue over the past couple of months. Groups have been blaming the WTO for all the worlds problems. "The WTO is anti-(insert any item here)," is something that I can always chuckle at. However, I will concede this to anti-WTO groups, Chinas entry is something that needs to be carefully examined. Do we allow a murderous, corrupt, communist regime into the civilized worlds economic system? Reluctantly, I say yes. Chinas vast potential as an economic powerhouse has been noticed by outsiders for centuries. Just getting access to even ten percent is enough to send profits soaring. However, this comes with a high price tag. Chinas huge bureaucratic, centrally controlled government, has been ill equipped to handle foreign trade. Walk the streets of Bejing or any other major city and you will find an abundance of copied goods. Copies of Windows 98 or the latest CD can be found pirated by individuals, companies, or even the government with no royalties going to those who earned it. China has shown no interest in cracking down on this blatant violation of international trade laws. The Peoples "Liberation" Army has even undertaken profit adventures outside government control. Yet, would this change if they were allowed into the WTO? I believe it would and Ill explain later. We have been dealing with a regime that has killed millions of people for years now. China has a strict population control policy. Couples are limited to one child and many women are sterilized or forced to have abortions to maintain this policy. This shows a complete disregard for the sanctity of human life. This government crushed a peaceful demonstration of democratic activists in Tiannamen Square. The government crushes all dissent...

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 31

Research - Essay Example The findings linked with the studies done at Vancouver School of doing phenomenology to develop methods of answering the research questions. Moreover, the chosen method increased knowledge and understanding of the phenomena. The research used clinical, theoretical and policy findings as significant factors in the therapy of the disease. Clinical treatment incorporated exercises, to lessen the pain and rise fitness, as well as well-being of a patient (Petursdottir, Arnadottir & Halldorsdottir, 2010, p.3). Besides, theoretical aspects entailed the development of a conceptual model, which indicated many external and internal factors as having significant impacts on the exercise behavior among people with osteoarthritis. Policy in the curing of the disease included the adaptation of regular exercises at least thrice a day. Regular exercise would assist osteoarthritis patients to ease their muscles and reduce pain with joints around their hips and knees. Strict following of clinical, theoretical and policy aspects of osteoarthritis would greatly heal various patients and assist in reducing pain within their joints. Readers were able to hear and understand the phenomena studied, since the participants talked about physical therapists and physical therapy, as the main factors of the study. Moreover, clear communication of the members and a sense of positive connection equally contributed to an important aspect of the physical results. Readers can find elements of the research report, since all the aspects of the osteoarthritis categorized in the research, for easy access and analysis of the research findings. In addition, knowledge of the disease and practical experiences incorporated into the research report for readers to understand phenomenal aspects of osteoarthritis. Overall presentation of the research was suitable for the purpose, method and findings since statistics taken by the participants included the interpretation of charts and

Family images Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Family images - Essay Example th family issues unquestionably do grave harm to the image of family simply because they present an inadequate or even a deformed and a wrong outlook on the relationships between family members. Besides focusing on the failure of the marital enterprise, family problems such as infidelity, sexual activity outside of marriage, and the absence of an ethical and a religious vision of the marriage are omnipresent in all American magazines treating family issues. If we give a glance at most of the online American magazines that are so interested in the image of the family, we will find that the most recurrent theme is divorce. Nevertheless, there is always a tendency to present an ideal and a prototypical family for the common audience. In the Focus On The Family, an American family is introduced as being so happy and faithful to the teachings of Christianity. The daughter, who was trying to catch some fish is disappointed and is therefore asked to put her whole trust in God. â€Å"In my bewilderment, I realized that God was pursuing my daughter, wooing her heart with His indescribable grace. For years, I had been trying to say and do all the right things to prod her closer to God. But it was Samanthas heavenly Father, not her earthly one, who caused her to trust Him. Just as He filled the nets of two Galilean brothers long ago†¦ He sent a fish to my daughters line — and fed her growing faith.†1 While some American magazines try to help parents better guide their children to the right path, other magazines endeavor to organize American families lives by encouraging children to study well, eat healthy diets and have sufficient sleep. Such American magazines are targeting fresh couples who have just got initiated in marital life. â€Å"We believe that every child has the potential to succeed in school and in life! Our individualized program is tailored to each student’s needs, finding and addressing the gaps in student skills. Call today for a tutoring solution that

DANCE ANALYSIS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DANCE ANALYSIS - Assignment Example The current paper will compare ballet and hip hop and will discuss how such combination can create totally new dancing techniques and popular youth culture. Comparison between Ballet and Hip Hop Contemporary ballet is a form of dance influenced by both classical ballet and modern dance, which takes its technique and body control using abdominal strength from classical ballet, although it permits a greater range of movement that may not adhere to the strict body lines or turnout set forth by schools of ballet technique. Many of its concepts come from the ideas and innovations of the twentieth century modern dance, including floor work and turn-in of the legs. The video â€Å"Complexions Contemporary Ballet† on YouTube.com shows various dancing elements of contemporary ballet. The movements are more emotional and spontaneous than in the classic ballet with more emphasis on the expression of performer’s feelings and internal emotions rather than on the dance technique perf ection.

How Did China Resist Western Influences?

How Did China Resist Western Influences? In the 19th Century, during the Qing dynasty, China had little communications with Western countries due to their self-sufficiency. However, the British smuggled opium into China, the Chinese found out that people would get addicted to opium, so the Chinese banned smoking opium and led to the Opium War. Soon after the war was declared, other foreign countries such as France and Russia noticed China was a land with a lot of economic resources. Even though many civil wars including the Taiping Rebellion and the Boxer Rebellion were launched, China resisted Western influences through rebellions aiming at ridding China of westerners, treaties regulating peace with Western countries, and movements attempting to reform the government. China resisted western influences by declaring wars toward foreign countries. The Opium War between China and Britain was caused by Britains ignoring Chinas warnings and keeping smuggling opium into China. China lost the war because the technologies of Great Britain were more advanced. The two countries signed Nanking Treaty, which expanded the prologue of unequal treaties. After the Nanking Treaty, civilians not only distrusted their own government, but also refused accepting westerners due to the fact that numerous western nations forced China to open other ports so that foreigners could export their goods to China. The result led to the unstable market of China. In order to make a great peaceful world many civilians formed a party called Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Hong Xiuquan, the leader of the party, advocated gender equality and public treasury in addition to spreading Christianity, in which the party broke temples and idols and introduced missionary in China. Moreover, people distrusted the Qing government as it was deteriorating. Also, foreign countries gave more pressure during that time. An organization called Yi Ho Tuan believed that by joining their group and practicing Chinese Kong Fu with them, they would soon become invincible. Due to their belief, members of Yi Ho Tuan chose not to follow the governments laws. In the spring of 1900, Yi Ho Tuan descended to Beijing, declaring the Boxer Rebellion. They surrounded the European section, however, they suffered a humiliating defeat from the multinational force of 19,000 troops. Even though the Yi Ho Tuan failed, a strong sense of nationalism and of refusing western countries arose in China. Since the failure of the several rebellions, China was forced to sign plenty of unequal treaties as a postwar reconciliation. As a settlement, China was compelled to sign Nanking Treaty which included the opening of the five following ports, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningpo, and Shanghai, where Britons were allowed to trade with anyone they wished. And China gave Hong Kong to Britain as well as twenty one million silver as reparation. After the treaty, the trading competitiveness faced unprecedented problems from foreigners to Chinese people. The trend of opposition to westerners kept rising in Chinese peoples minds. Too many defeats made China to give western countries many arbitrary conditions. Even if China were having unfair negotiations, it still had to make concessions. The agreement on tariffs reduced a great number of Chinas taxes, and the Unilateral Most Favored Nation delighted westerners with impunity. However, these increased Chinese peoples hatred to westerners. The more failure of wars, the more unequal treaties China had to sign. China signed up Beijing Treaty which allowed westerners recruit Chinese slaves. More than that, foreigners could build churches in China. Westerners plundered great amount valuable resources from China. Likewise, these made Chinese people feel unfair that westerners received too many rights in China. In 1860, China lost Second Opium War so they had to undertake western countries’ squeezes, which means more treaties. China was forced to agree with Tianjing Treaty. This treaty allowed Russia, America, Britain, and France to preach in China. The United States had the right to station legations in Beijing. This treaty forced China to open Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Taiwan, and Qiongzhou seven ports to Russia, and Russian troops could park in various ports. Furthermore, opium could be traded and imported freely, which made Qing government very vexed. By this time, China wanted to be suppressed no longer, so it intended plural reforms that improved it’s attribute such as Hundred Days Reform, and Self-Strengthening Movement. China self-improved by learning foreign policies, making up some incentives for the people who contributed to China, or enhancing military. The Self-Strengthening Movement was promoted by Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, and Zuo Zongtang after the failure of Second Opium War. They advocated to learning western countries’ industrial technologies and business methods because they witnessed the tremendous power of foreign invaders’ battleships. They first set up Prime States Office to process foreign affairs. Then they erected Machinery Manufacturing Bureau and arsenals to form a new military industry to enhance military in every province. They improved their military especially navy. Because conservatives didnt support and the low efficiency of bureaucracy, so this movement didnt succeed, but it paved the way for the Hundred Days’ Reform. China didn’t give up after the bungle of the Self-Strengthening Movement. It promoted Hundred Days’ Reform, popularized by Emperor Guangxu, Kang Youwei, and Liang Qichao, which was divided into four parts including education, economy, military, and policy. Chinese government established higher level schools and selected some children to go to study in Japan. Because foreign educations were thought to be better at that time. For the development of economy, Qing government set up factories everywhere in China to promote the production. To improve military, it used western ways to train troops. It lifted the exclusion of newspaper and laid off bureaucracy to strengthen government structure and build up the trust of civilians. Even though the overthrew of the Hundred Days’ Reform by the conservatives in 1898, China’s national power had indeed grown, which made the Chinese believe they didnt need foreigners to conquer them anymore. All the unequal treaties made China more vulnerable and caused Chinese people to distrust the government and therefore had a lot of riots. China reflected on its own and began to promote the policy of self-improvement. China resisted the western influences. While regulating peace with Western countries by signing treaties and attempting to reform the government, China wanted to be self isolated since it was self-sufficient. However, numerous revolutions proved that it was impossible not to be influenced by westerners to isolate itself within its own world. Bibliography Anderson, Doone, et al. â€Å"Hundred Days’ Reforms† Alpha History. Web. 17. Nov.2013 Anderson, Doone, et al. â€Å"Sun Yat-sen† Alpha History. Web. 17. Nov.2013 Anderson, Doone, et al. â€Å"The Self-Strengthening Movement† Alpha History. Web. 17. Nov.2013 Gibson, Anne.â€Å"The Opium Wars: When Britain Made War on China.† BBC News. BBC, 12. Mar. 2012. 25. Sept. 2013 Gracie, Carrie.â€Å"Hong Xiuquan: The Rebel Who Thought He Was Jesus’ Brother†. BBC News.BBC, 17 Oct. 2012. Web. 26.Sept.2013 Trueman, Chris. â€Å"The Boxer Rebellion.† History Learning Site. Web. 25 Sept. 2013 Trueman, Chris. â€Å"The Japan† History Learning Site. Web. 17 Nov. 2013

Movie Review of Tristan and Isolde :: essays research papers

In Medieval times during King Arthur’s reign beholds the legend of Tristan and Isolde, which is retold in this film packed full of daring action and romance. Director, Kevin Reynolds, and writer, Dean Georgaris put the classic legend up on the screen. It is rated PG-13 for the many battle sequences and some brief sexuality, but is still suitable for most audiences. In 125 minutes, you may enjoy many deadly battles and enticing romantic scenes as well. Reynolds did a stupendous job on recreating the love story of the Irish King’s daughter, Isolde, played by Sophia Myles, and Tristan, played by James Franco, who is from an English tribe and the Irish’s enemy. During one breathtaking battle, the bold and courageous Tristan is hurt tremendously and is thought to be dead so they put him in the ocean. Ironically, he is not dead, and a lonely Isolde finds him on the sandy beach, barely alive. With the help of her maid, Isolde nurses him back to health, and during this time they fall madly in love with each other. Isolde misleads Tristan to believe that she is someone else during the time he spends with her. She also discovers that she is promised to marriage to the man that has helped her father out continuously through the years. He is also the man that Tristan killed in a battle, during a fight that left them both near death, but only the other man dying. Tristan must return to his own country and can’t be seen by any of the Irish so he leaves quickly. When he returns he discovers that the Irish king, Donnchadh wishes to throw the English tribes into chaos, so he has a tournament between the English, to fight among themselves. The prize is his daughter. Tristan wins the princess' hand for Lord Marke, who wishes to put all the tribes in union. Isolde who sees the fight and thinks she may now marry Tristan rushes up to him and says, â€Å"I am yours I am all yours † Tristan is horrified to see that the woman he wins for Marke, is Isolde, and she is devastated as well. Worse, Marke is a good and worthy future king, whose belief in Tristan has made him the young knight who he is. First, separated by countries at war, and now because of the respect to king and country, Tristan and Isolde must stay apart. Movie Review of Tristan and Isolde :: essays research papers In Medieval times during King Arthur’s reign beholds the legend of Tristan and Isolde, which is retold in this film packed full of daring action and romance. Director, Kevin Reynolds, and writer, Dean Georgaris put the classic legend up on the screen. It is rated PG-13 for the many battle sequences and some brief sexuality, but is still suitable for most audiences. In 125 minutes, you may enjoy many deadly battles and enticing romantic scenes as well. Reynolds did a stupendous job on recreating the love story of the Irish King’s daughter, Isolde, played by Sophia Myles, and Tristan, played by James Franco, who is from an English tribe and the Irish’s enemy. During one breathtaking battle, the bold and courageous Tristan is hurt tremendously and is thought to be dead so they put him in the ocean. Ironically, he is not dead, and a lonely Isolde finds him on the sandy beach, barely alive. With the help of her maid, Isolde nurses him back to health, and during this time they fall madly in love with each other. Isolde misleads Tristan to believe that she is someone else during the time he spends with her. She also discovers that she is promised to marriage to the man that has helped her father out continuously through the years. He is also the man that Tristan killed in a battle, during a fight that left them both near death, but only the other man dying. Tristan must return to his own country and can’t be seen by any of the Irish so he leaves quickly. When he returns he discovers that the Irish king, Donnchadh wishes to throw the English tribes into chaos, so he has a tournament between the English, to fight among themselves. The prize is his daughter. Tristan wins the princess' hand for Lord Marke, who wishes to put all the tribes in union. Isolde who sees the fight and thinks she may now marry Tristan rushes up to him and says, â€Å"I am yours I am all yours † Tristan is horrified to see that the woman he wins for Marke, is Isolde, and she is devastated as well. Worse, Marke is a good and worthy future king, whose belief in Tristan has made him the young knight who he is. First, separated by countries at war, and now because of the respect to king and country, Tristan and Isolde must stay apart.

A Literary Critic of “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty” Essay

The story â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† is a form of a short story genre variety. This story was written by James Thurber, and published in The New Yorker in 1939 (Clugston, 2010). This is an intriguing story of a daydreaming husband, Walter Mitty, and his domineering wife as they run a few errands to town. I will make use of literary criticism by explaining my connection to the story, analyzing the meaning of the story, and taking the formalistic approach in discussing James Thurber’s story. My connection to this story is strongly held by the fact that I am also a daydreamer. I will admit this is a frustrating characteristic for others, but for one’s self as well; eventhough, the situations discussed in the story seem quite humorous to the reader. Mr. Thurber presents the tone, or mood, of frustration throughout this story. As Walter is daydreaming and driving faster than Mrs. Mitty likes, she abruptly interrupts him. Although the daydream breaks for an instance, he quickly returns to his daydream. Mrs. Mitty is quick to interrupt again, â€Å"It’s one of your days. I wish you’d let Dr. Renshaw look you over.† Her frustration is evident because she thinks that something must be wrong with him. Later when Walter is not wearing his gloves, Mrs. Mitty is certain he has lost them. James Thurber has reinforced her frustration. Walter’s frustration is expressed in the story several times as well. An instance when a parking attendant awakens Walter from another daydream, the story reads â€Å"Mitty becomes a little testy.† When Walter makes several mistakes trying to park the car, the frustrated attendant tells him to â€Å"leave her sit there, I’ll put her away.† When the attendant parks the car with some expertise, Walter replies â€Å"they’re so damn cocky, they think they know everything.† Probably the sharpest image portrayed in the story is  when Mrs. Mitty is hassling Walter for not having the sense to put on his overshoes. Walter’s reaction is one of self-defense stating â€Å"Does it ever occur to you that I am sometimes thinking.† This set the tone that Walter is letting his wife know that just because he may seem lost, does not make him senseless, or that she needs to keep after him the way she does. As a daydreamer myself, I have experienc ed some of the same frustrations depicted in this story, so I connected with the story immediately. Now moving on to the analysis of this story, there are several meanings illustrated. According to Koger, there are four themes or meanings conveyed through this story which are â€Å"the contrast between a human being’s hopes for life and its actuality, the power of the mind or imagination, the conflict between the individual and authority, and the ascendancy of technology and materialism in the twentieth century† (Koger, 2004). I agree that all of these themes are displayed throughout the story; however, I believe one has been overlooked. I feel that Walter Mitty may have self-esteem issues that he is able to overcome in his daydreams or, even better, they do not exist. Many examples are apparent contrasting one’s hopes and reality. Walter’s â€Å"heroic ability† in his daydreams versus his inadequacies in the reality of the story is one example (Koger, 2004). Another fine example is Mitty’s ability to master technology in his daydreams versus his inability to maneuver his car, or appropriately unwind tire chains (Koger, 2004). Another example, of my own accord, is the confidence that is portrayed in the fantasies that do not exist in the reality. For example, in the first daydream he is a commander taking charge of a ship and traveling through a storm versus being told to wait in front of the drug store, in the rain, for his wife as though he were a child. The power of the mind and imagination another theme to the story is exemplified through Mitty’s daydreams. Mitty is able to overcome every dilemma he faces in reality through his daydreams. He becomes an expert of machinery, and he no longer fears authority figures, but instead becomes an authority figure. He even boosts his self-esteem by allowing the phrase â€Å"the old man ain’t afraid of hell.† Self-esteem is an important characteristic of the story. The persona or narrator may or may not reflect the author’s perspective (Clugston, 2010). However; Thurber lost an eye as a child (Clugston, 2010). I find it very symbolic that in Walter Mitty’s first daydream; the narrator describes the commander â€Å"with the heavily braided white cap pulled down rakishly over one cold gray eye.† I am inclined to think that James Thurber may be the Walter Mitty in the story. That being said, I also understand where the lack of confidence has played into the story. Mr. Thurber is able to cover his bad eye through the words that he writes. Thompson describes Mitty as a â€Å"docile nobody muffled in layers of winter clothing with a loquacious and overprotective wife beside him† (Thompson, 2008). This is yet more evidence of the poor self-esteem portrayed characteristically through Walter Mitty. The formalistic approach is â€Å"the most widely used in literary criticism; it focuses on the form and development of the literary work itself† (Clugston, 2010). The setting of the story is memorable because it is cold, and the characters must drive into town to run errands giving clues that the Mitty’s live in the country or a very small town. James Thurber also creatively interrupts the daydreams at their climax, adding to the jolt back to reality. This gives the readers a chance to get lost in the daydreams, and be jolted back to reality as well. Walter is described as a middle aged man unhappy with his life. The evidence of his unhappiness is portrayed through his daydreams where his life is almost perfect. Mrs. Mitty is described as a nagging old woman who is constantly frustrated with her husband’s absentmindedness. She is constantly telling him what to do and how to act. When he does not, she assumes he has fallen ill. Thurber also uses the same simple phrases such as â€Å"pocketa-pocketa-pocketa† for every machine giving the reader the sense that in reality, all machines have the same amount of value in Walter’s mind. Using the simple fountain pen to fix an expensive piece of machinery also gives clues to Walters’s lack of intelligence when it comes to technology. The author also uses very explicit daydreams allowing the reader to understand how far Walter Mitty had escaped from reality. In conclusion, I have discussed my connection, analyzed the meaning, and taken a formalistic approach to critic this wonderful piece of literature. The connection to the story is easy to come by as every person daydreams occasionally. The story consists of five different meanings or themes as I have discussed. I have also discussed the several different literary actions and the artistic ability used to create an amazingly humorous piece of art. References Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUENG125.10.2/sections/ Koger, G. (2004). Masterplots ii: Short story series, revised edition. (2nd ed. ed., Vol. 1). United Kingdom; England: Salem Press. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? Thompson, T. (2008). â€Å"he sprang to the machine† : â€Å"the secret [technological] life of walter mitty. (1 ed., Vol. 41, pp. 110-115). Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/lrc/detail?vid=5&hid=19&sid=280101a3-6742-45d0-88ee-24b153429c1a@sessionmgr12&bdata=JnNpdGU9bHJjLXBsdXM=

Pornography Essays - Anti-pornography Feminism, Pornography Law

Pornography Essays - Anti-pornography Feminism, Pornography Law Pornography Suppose one accepts MacKinnon and Dworkin's suggested statutory definition of pornography. How does one who generally accepts MacKinnon and Dworkin's views on the pervasively harmful effect of pornography, and who accepts a need for legal redress of the harms perpetrated by pornography, deal with pornographic material? The ordinance proposed by MacKinnon and Dworkin would deal with such material by enacting legislation which gives people adversely affected by the works, which clearly fit their definition of pornography, a cause of action against the producers, vendors, exhibitors or distributors for "trafficking", or for an assault "directly caused by the specific work. I do not think liberals, or others for that matter, should have much problem with the clause dealing with assault, since a causal connection to specific works is demanded by it. However, s. 3.2(iii) which deals with trafficking would be very problematic for liberals and legal conservatives because it creates a cause of action for a person contrary to the traditional conception of a rights holder's cause of action. This subsection reads: Any woman has a claim hereunder as a woman acting against the subordination of women. Any man, child or transsexual who alleges injury by pornography in the way women are injured by it also has a claim. [emphasis added] My goal in this paper is to suggest that a slight modification to this subsection of the ordinance would make it very difficult for liberals and legal conservatives to object to it. This modification would restrict the cause of action to the same persons as the other sections of the ordinance, namely, the particular victim of the specified injury. I shall argue that such a modification would largely cohere with the conception of harm already at work in Ontario law, would afford only a minor reduction in the potential efficacy of such legislation in curbing the harm of pornography, and would offer to empower the feminist camp which is behind such an ordinance with a mechanism for social and political change if a sufficiently organized feminist "vanguard" took hold of the opportunity to empower women. Adrian Howe argues that the concept of social injury which may be suggested by the ordinance recognizes the differential harm felt by women from pornography. Howe suggests this social notion of harm may be a necessary feature of any successful law reform which is to address the huge social problem of male domination and female oppression. The liberal notion of an individuated human right fails to capture, for MacKinnon and Howe, "the specificity of the harm to women." Thus, an ordinance which did not create a cause of action "for women as women" would fail to address the root of the social problem of which pornography is a manifestation. This conception of social harm, and thus subsection 3.2(iii), may offend liberals or legal conservatives in two ways. First, the notion of non-individuated harm is antithetical to the liberal conception of a rights holder claiming a cause of action. Fundamental to a liberal conception of harm is the notion of the individual who is autonomous, separate and fundamentally worthy of respect. Rawls and Kant exemplify this view in their analyses when they posit the undifferentiated self, free of any particular qualities save that of being an agent worthy of a fundamental, inviolable respect. This notion of the individual worthy of equal concern and respect in the eyes of the state permeates liberal conceptions of rights. It is also a fundamental, if not exclusive, tenet of the common law of torts: In tort litigation, the courts must decide whether to shift the loss suffered by one person, the plaintiff, to the shoulders of another person [emphasis added]. Clearly, on its face this conception of harm precludes the notion of a harm suffered collectively which cannot be delineated individually. While class actions are possible, and claims may be made on behalf of groups such as company shareholders, this is only by virtue of the fact that a legally recognized individual has suffered an identifiable particular harm. Thus, the conventional liberal notion of harm is radically distinct from that outlined by Howe and MacKinnon. Since on the liberal conception rights holders are autonomous, individual selves who are essentially distinct, harm to one is distinct from harm to another. It may be that a liberal conception of a rights holder simply renders the concept of a social harm, and thus a cause of action "for women as women" incoherent. I do not wish to discuss whether it is possible to develop a complete liberal notion of social harm. It is sufficient to note

The eNotes Blog Your New Textbook, Brought to You by BillGates

Your New Textbook, Brought to You by BillGates Bill Gates and Nathan Myhrvold have filed a new patent that could change the way we read textbooks, and possibly the way we learn, forever. Bored of reading the same textbooks, the same old way? Well, Bill Gates and Nathan Myhrvold, the duo behind an invention that can actually slow hurricanes, are looking to change that. In 2012 they filed a patent for a device that will have the capability to automatically create a customized video snippet from any random selection of text, according to GeekWire. That means that as you read a textbook on, say, a tablet or your phone, that device could generate a video based on the content of the textbookturning a boring old piece of text into essentially a short film. This new patent, titled Autogenerating Video from Text, would certainly be a game changer in the educational community. While interactive instruction has been on the scene for some time, never before has any technology been able to show a human sort of understanding of the text at hand, let alone an understanding of how best to teach it to a student. In one of the scenarios the patent poses, a student could theoretically snap a picture of a textbook page and watch a video rendering of the facts therein; as opposed to (or perhaps we should say in addition to) reading paragraphs of names and dates, the student could watch a video of soldiers running across a battlefield. In yet another possible application outlined by the patent, the app/devices personalization features could really make the information hit home: Someone reading Shakespeare could scan a section of text to create a video depicting one of the scenes - and the system could be set to â€Å"insert family members into the video clip instead of the typical characters.† Because it wouldnt be at all creepy to see your family members tragic roles. My advice: stay away from Oedipus Rex, kids. If the idea does indeed come to fruition, the capability to generate video and images from texts could greatly aid the visual learners among us, or maybe just better engage students with shorter attention spans. Its likely that this technology is a long way off, but with the rapid changes technology constantly brings to the field of education, I wouldnt discount it as a possibility. The question is, what do you think of this new way to read texts? Foul or fair? For their part, the geeks seem none too impressed:

Dynamic of Destruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dynamic of Destruction - Essay Example However, Dynamic of Destruction is little more than a list of atrocities committed during the first half of the twentieth century – even if the individual events themselves are new to the reader, the manner in which they were performed have been repeated often enough that they seem a natural part of warfare to us. Kramer's thesis is so obvious as to be barely an argument at all. However, the horrors of the Great War were not limited to Germany – other countries, such as Italy and the Balkan nations, also committed shocking acts of brutality on their own as well as other peoples. The chapter on 'German Singularity?' emphasizes that the â€Å"policy of absolute destruction† (114) was not unique to twentieth-century Germany, as many scholars have argued. Italy was one of the nations which perversely thrived under the influence of war. Its â€Å"eager †¦ brutality and racism† (116) at the dawn of the century was the nation's attempt to â€Å"restore Ital y's status as a Great Power† (116) as it invaded modern-day Libya. Even â€Å"Italy's bourgeois feminist movement renounced its pacifism† (118).

Criticisms of the Federal Reserve System Assignment

Criticisms of the Federal Reserve System - Assignment Example M1 is a category of supply of money that includes all the physical money; that is, currency and coins. It also includes negotiable order of withdrawal accounts and checking accounts. M2 is a category of money supply which includes M1 and saving deposits, market funds, and time related deposits. When M1/M2 is defined commercial institutions such as banks create money in the society. Fiscal policy is the way the government influences its economy through controlling its revenue or taxation and its expenditure. The federal reserve alone controls fiscal policy. If any other governmental entity was involved in this, Fed would have been scraped due to the criticism towards it. it is important to have three different governmental entities so that each one of them serves specific purposes for the public. This ensures that the public receives better services since they are handled efficiently. Fed is there in order to take care of a sensitive issue of money. It has a major influence on the economy of a country and therefore should be handled separately. In monetary policy there is an authority to control money supply to promote economic growth (Paul,